爱尔兰宪法

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宪法

The Constitution

爱尔兰宪法于1937年7月全民表决通过，是国家的高级法。爱尔兰语“Bunreacht na hEireann”,意思是“爱尔兰基本法”，任何与其发生冲突的习惯法和立法的规定都是没有法律效力的。它分为两个部分，第一部分规定了国家的立法、执法和司法机构。宪法强调了上述三个机构间权利的严格划分。第二部分明确规定国家将通过法律来保证公民的基本权利得到尊重和维护。宪法的解释和维护工作是由法院来做的，因此法院在国家制定社会政策方面起到了重要的作用。同样，法院在对制定有法律依据但在宪法中未明确规定的权利的法律原则方面起了辅助作用。最近我们注意到了欧洲保护人权和基本自由公约开始实施，这一公约规定了国家在人权领域一套新的法律职责。在司法运作中，法院是绝对独立的，它只服从于宪法和法律。

The Irish Constitution was adopted by popular referendum in July 1937 and is the superior law of the State. Its Irish language title is „Bunreacht na hEireann‟ which means „basic law of Ireland‟ and any common law or legislative rule which is found to be in conflict with it is invalid and consequently without legal effect. It can be divided into two parts, the first of which establishes the legislative, executive and judicial organs of the State. The Constitution insists upon a strict separation of powers between these three organs of State. The second part articulates certain fundamental rights of the citizen which the State guarantees in and by its laws, to respect, defend and vindicate. The task of interpreting and upholding the Constitution has been entrusted to the Courts which have therefore had a significant role in shaping the social policy of the State. Similarly, the Courts have been instrumental in developing the doctrine of unenumerated rights which has its basis in the Constitution.It may also be of interest to note the recent incorporation of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms which has introduced a new set of legal obligations for the State within the area of human rights.In the exercise of their judicial function the Courts are absolutely independent andsubject only to the Constitution and the law.

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