愛爾蘭憲法

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憲法

The Constitution

愛爾蘭憲法于1937年7月全民表決通過，是國家的高級法。愛爾蘭語“Bunreacht na hEireann”,意思是“愛爾蘭基本法”，任何與其發生沖突的習慣法和立法的規定都是沒有法律效力的。它分爲兩個部分，第一部分規定了國家的立法、執法和司法機構。憲法強調了上述三個機構間權利的嚴格劃分。第二部分明確規定國家將通過法律來保證公民的基本權利得到尊重和維護。憲法的解釋和維護工作是由法院來做的，因此法院在國家制定社會政策方面起到了重要的作用。同樣，法院在對制定有法律依據但在憲法中未明確規定的權利的法律原則方面起了輔助作用。最近我們注意到了歐洲保護人權和基本自由公約開始實施，這一公約規定了國家在人權領域一套新的法律職責。在司法運作中，法院是絕對獨立的，它只服從于憲法和法律。

The Irish Constitution was adopted by popular referendum in July 1937 and is the superior law of the State. Its Irish language title is „Bunreacht na hEireann‟ which means „basic law of Ireland‟ and any common law or legislative rule which is found to be in conflict with it is invalid and consequently without legal effect. It can be divided into two parts, the first of which establishes the legislative, executive and judicial organs of the State. The Constitution insists upon a strict separation of powers between these three organs of State. The second part articulates certain fundamental rights of the citizen which the State guarantees in and by its laws, to respect, defend and vindicate. The task of interpreting and upholding the Constitution has been entrusted to the Courts which have therefore had a significant role in shaping the social policy of the State. Similarly, the Courts have been instrumental in developing the doctrine of unenumerated rights which has its basis in the Constitution.It may also be of interest to note the recent incorporation of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms which has introduced a new set of legal obligations for the State within the area of human rights.In the exercise of their judicial function the Courts are absolutely independent andsubject only to the Constitution and the law.